Fake news sites run for, or on behalf of, foreign states, as named by researchers and governments. Each network links to the reports that name it. Addresses are shown with [.] in place of dots so they can't be clicked by accident.
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A site appears here only when a credible source, such as a research group, a platform's threat report or a government, has publicly tied it to a network. The attribution is theirs, and its confidence is shown the same way as on the map: high when several independent sources agree, moderate when one credible source does, and low ("suspected") when the operator is uncertain.
Status shows what we last knew: active, down, parked (the address is up for sale), seized by authorities, or unknown. Sites are checked automatically every three hours. Networks drop and replace sites often, so a site's absence here doesn't mean it is trustworthy. Seen one of these sites spreading a story? Report it. Think an entry is wrong? Write to .